ABSTRACT
This article is a summary of the Second China Breast Milk Science Conference, which was held in Beijing from August 5 to 7, 2022, with the theme of "Data sharing, method sharing and science sharing". The purpose of the conference is to summarize the latest progress in breast milk research, identify the unresolved issues, and jointly discuss the direction of future breast milk research. Firstly, we summarize the contents and purpose of breast milk scientific research and prospect of breast milk science. The second part focuses on the research status of breast milk composition and its health effects, and puts forward the future research direction. The third section focuses on the health effects of breastfeeding and scientific support and key aspects of breastfeeding promotion actions. The fourth part elaborates the specific methods of current scientific research of breast milk and emphasize the importance of method standardization and the idea of future methodological research. The fifth part consists of the strategy of feeding infants with medical conditions and ways to better promote the growth and development of these infants. The last part introduces the innovation, deficiencies, and future research directions of infant formula production technology in China. This conference demonstrate the importance of multidisciplinary communication, discussions and collaborations in clinical medicine, nutrition, perinatal health, food science, and policy-making in the scientific research of breast milk, and provides guidance for future multidisciplinary research on the physiology of lactation, the composition of breast milk, breastfeeding, and infants and young children nutrition.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are chemical contaminants classified as persistent organic pollutants. Although, their use has been banned for several decades, PCBs are still scattered in the environment and; therefore, all living organisms may be exposed to these compounds. Diet, especially fatty foods such as milk, has been recognized as one of the main sources of human exposure to PCBs. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual levels of indicator PCBs in whole milk powder consumed by preschool children in the Municipality of Imbé, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and to determine the estimated daily intake of these PCBs through this food. Analyses were performed by GC-μECD and the results were confirmed by GC/MS. The PCBs 28, 52 and 153 displayed values below the limit of quantification. The PCBs 138 and 180 showed mean values of 0.073 and 0.157ng.g-1 lipid, respectively. These values were below the reference limits established by the European Community. The estimated total daily intake of PCBs was 0.110ng.g-1 lipid of body weight per day, a value lower than that established by the legislations of Belgium and Norway.
RESUMO: Os bifenilos policlorados (PCBs) são contaminantes químicos classificados como poluentes orgânicos persistentes. Embora seu uso tenha sido banido há mais de décadas, os PCBs ainda encontram-se presentes no meio ambiente e portanto, todos os organismos vivos podem estar expostos a esses compostos. A alimentação, especialmente alimentos gordurosos, como leite, tem sido reconhecida como uma das principais fontes de exposição humana aos PCBs. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis residuais de PCBs indicadores em leite em pó integral consumido por pré-escolares no Município de Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul, e determinar a ingestão estimada desses PCBs por meio deste alimento. As análises foram realizadas em GC-µECD e os resultados foram confirmados em GC/MS. Os PCBs 28, 52 e 153 apresentaram valores abaixo do limite de quantificação. Os PCBs 138 e 180 apresentaram valores médios de 0,073 e 0,157ng.g-1 lipídio, respectivamente. Estes valores estavam abaixo dos limites de referência estabelecidos pela Comunidade Europeia. A ingestão diária total estimada de PCBs foi de 0,110ng.g-1 de peso corporal por dia, valor inferior ao estabelecido pelas legislações da Bélgica e da Noruega.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Radio frequency heating (RFH) provides higher efficiency and more uniform heating zone compared with conventional method. The aim of present work is to evaluate the effect of RFH (at 90 °C for 5 or 10 min) on the changes in composition (protein oxidation and fat distribution), microstructure, flow characteristic and rehydration property of infant milk powder. The results indicate that the concentration of protein dityrosine was slightly enhanced, more free fat appeared on powder surfaces (> 50% increase), and porosity in powder matrix as tested by SEM was increased after RFH treatment. For powder flowability, raw sample had low cohesiveness (specific energy = 4.39 mJ/g), and RFH provided better flowability and decreased compressibility. Moreover, RFH had some negative impacts on wettability and solubility of powder particles with contact angle increase at least 5% and solubility decrease of 2%~4%, indicating worse rehydration abilities. Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model was applied to fit moisture vapor sorption isotherms, and longer RFH duration leading to higher c values (about 63% increase at 10 min). In addition, the RFH initiated browning reaction as CIE a* values increased from -1.8 to -1.3.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the quality control circle's effect assessment about improving the successful rate of intervening adding the non-doctor advised formulated milk powder for the newborn baby rooming-in in obstetric ward, decrease the nonmedical indication formula milkadding,and improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods Found quality control circle group,analyze all the different elements which influence the success of nurse's intervening of adding the non-doctor advised formulated milk powder for the newborn baby in room-in system,target the theme,make the policy and implement it, compare the success rate of intervening adding the non-doctor advised formulated milk powder for the newborn baby rooming-in before and after quality circle's activity. Results Increase the success rate of nurse's intervening of adding the non-doctor advised formulated milk powder for the newborn baby rooming-in from 32.5%(13/40)before improvement to 70.7%(341/482), the target rate was 96.7%. Conclusions The quality circle's activity increases the success rate of nurse's intervening of adding the non-doctor advised formulated milk powder for the newborn baby rooming-in, while it enhances the comprehensive capability of nurse,and strengthens the clinical nursing specialty's quality.
ABSTRACT
Objective To detect and analyse the levels of nitrite in marketed milk powder.Methods 6 brands of maketed milk powder were selected in this study.Interferents,such as protein,were removed from milk powder preliminarily by using potassium ferrocynide and zinc acetate.The levels of nitrite were detected by using fluorospectrophotometry method,and compared with na-tional standard(2 mg/kg).Results The levels of nitrite in the 6 brands of maketed milk powder were lower than the national stand-ard limit,had statistically significant differences(P <0.05).Conclusion The levels of nitrite of 6 brands of milk powders do not ex-ceed the national standard.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Early childhood nutrition plays an important role in growth and development of children. However, due to false beliefs of parents, undue prominence has been given to milk in the child’s diet. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices and factors related to milk powder usage among mothers of 1-5 year old children. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among 187 mothers of 1-5 year old children in five randomly selected weighing centres in Pitakotte MOH area using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Scores were given to knowledge, attitudes and practice. Results: The mean age of the children was 32 (SD 16.3) months. Mothers’ knowledge on milk/milk powder and their usage was good in 20% and level of attitudes was good in 55%. Parents received information regarding milk powder from doctors (42.4%) and TV advertisements (36.5%). The commonest factor mothers considered when selecting a milk powder was the brand name (69.7%). Mean age of initiating cow’s milk was 13.5 (SD 9.2) months. Forty seven percent selected a single brand to start feeding their children. At the time of conducting the survey, 47% were using one particular brand of full cream. While 52.8% gave concentrated milk, 33.7% gave diluted milk. One hundred and one (62%) used a cup while 44 (27%) used a bottle to give milk. Sixty (36.8%) mothers were giving the correct volume of milk, while 95 (58.3%) gave more than recommended. There was a statistically significant association between social class and level of practice (χ2=5.19;p<0.05;df=1). Practice was not significantly associated with mother’s level of attitudes, knowledge, age, education, parity or the sex of the child. Conclusions: Knowledge and practice regarding milk and milk powder usage among mothers is poor. Mothers of lower social classes have a good level of practice.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces fat deposition in the body, but the mechanism of action is not clear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of CLA on body fat metabolism. Since milk fat is the best natural source of dietary CLA, intervention of non-fat milk constituents on CLA treatment was also investigated. Methods: Diets containing CLA (1%) with or without skim milk powder (SMP) was fed to male Swiss albino mice for 60 days. Adipose depots weight, faecal fat and the activities of selected enzymes of lipid metabolism were determined. Results: The mice on CLA and CLA+SMP diets gained weight similar to those on control diet, despite higher feed intake in the former two groups. Total fat pad mass was significantly (P<0.05) less in CLA group than in control group, and inclusion of SMP in the diet enhanced the fat reducing effect of CLA. Adiposity index was also less on CLA and CLA+SMP diets than on control diet, and CLA+SMP was more efficacious in reducing adiposity index. The weight of liver and spleen was increased by CLA, and this effect was eliminated by inclusion of SMP in the diet. The fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue decreased substantially on CLA and CLA+SMP diets compared to that on control diet. Interpretation & conclusions: Our preliminary data show that dietary CLA reduces body fat mass by decreasing fatty acid biosynthesis, and the effect is enhanced by inclusion of SMP in the diet.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Animals , Body Weight , Drug Synergism , Fatty Acid Synthases/metabolism , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Female , Linoleic Acids, Conjugated/pharmacology , Lipids/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Male , Mice , Milk/metabolism , Models, Biological , Models, Statistical , Spleen/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective To know the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan (PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs)in milk and milk powder.Methods From Feb.2007 to Jun.2007,the milk and milk powder samples were collected and PCDDs,PCDFs and PCBs were extracted from the samples by Soxhlet extraction,cleaned up by FMS and quantified by HRGC-HRMS,using isotope dilution methodology.Results PCDDrFs and PCBs were detected in all samples.The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs TEQ in the milk powder were 0.43 pg/g lipid(median:0.34 pg/g lipid),and in the packed milk were 3.83pg/g)lipid(median:2.04 pg/g lipid).The mean levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs TEQ in all samples were 2.13 pg/g lipid(median:0.815 pg/g lipid).The levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the detected samples were far below the limitation of EU except of two milk samples,and the levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were higher in the packed milk than those in the milk powder.Conclusion Some of the milk and milk powder in the investigated city has been polluted by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furan(PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs).
ABSTRACT
Recently,Sanlu Milk Powder case was bubbling with noise.The origin of this case is that the managers were seriously lack of enterprise ethics and violated bioethical norms.Enterprise ethics are not identical with enterprise social responsibility and the mutual relationship between them should be cleared up firstly.Sanlu case initiates a series of reflection on related ethical problems,including morality honesty crisis,and the lack of regular effective supervision on enterprise ethics,etc.This paper puts forward countermeasures which focus on internal and external management of enterprise and morality.
ABSTRACT
The fortified milk powder is dissolved in 0.05M K2HPO4 buffer solution, adjust pH to 4.5, and centrifuge for 20 minutes. The supernatant is then adjusted to pH 4.0, go through CGS resin column using 10ml KC1-K2HPO4 as eluant. The eluate is collected as testing solution and injected to HPLC. Column: ODS; mobile phase; 0.05M K2HPO4 : CH3OH (91:9); ultraviolet detector: 285nm. CV% is 3.3% and recovery 87%.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the determination results of 14 macro and trace elements, such as Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, Al, Br, Fe, Co, Zu, Se, Mn, Cr and Rb, in breast milk, cow's milk and milk powder by instrumental neutron activation analysis. A preliminary discussion about the data is given.
ABSTRACT
Fifty-four children, aged 1.5-3.5 years, were selected from a nursery and divided into three groups. To the children in group 1 multivitamin fortified formular milk powder of Hai-He brand (70g daily) was given as a supplementary food in addition to the normal diet and whole milk powder of Hai-He brand was given to group 2 as another supplementary food. The third group served as control. This observation was lasted for three months. At the end of the third month, the increments of body weight of the children, tricep skinfold and circumference of upper arm of group 1 were higher than those of group 3 significantly, but there were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2. The hemoglobin content of group 1 increased by 0.8g/dl but group 2 and 3 decreased by 0.53g/dl and 0.72g/dl respectively. At the end of our observation, the concentrations of vitamin B1, C and PP in urine of group 1 were higher than those of other two groups by vitamin load test.Thus, we may consider that the multivitamin fortified milk powder is better than the whole milk powder in improving the vitamin and iron nutritional status of young children.
ABSTRACT
Objective A quick and sensitive method was developed for determination of folic acid (FA) in infant formula milk powder. Method Perchloric aicd was added into infant formula milk powder to extract FA in ultrasonic wave condition. After solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C18 material as plug and reaction with potassium permanganate, FA was determined by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). pH 5.0 and 0.1 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate were used as mobile phase. the flow rate was 1 ml/min. BDS C18 was used as separating column and column temperature was 30 ℃. Results The linear range of the method was 0.005-1.5 ?g/ml. The average recovery was 91.7%- 98.3%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.5%. The limit of detection was 0.005 ?g/ml, and the limit of quantification was 0.017 ?g/ml. Conclusion The method has following advantages: simple, precise, accurate and easy to practice.